How a one dimensional universe can appear to be three dimensional.
Imagine two particles; particle A, and particle B. From the vantage point of each particle, the other appears to be orbiting around it. There are two scenarios that would lead to this happening. One of the particles is either spinning, or one is rotating around the other.
With only two particles available, in a one dimensional setting, there is no way to determine how the particles are actually behaving without another reference. This leads to the concept of only two measurements; distance and spin. Meaning in our one dimensional universe, particles can only spin, and measure a distance to another particle.
By introducing a third particle we can now determine how the two particles are actually behaving in relation to each other. The behavior can be determined by measuring the distance of both particles. If neither is changing, than we know one of them is spinning. If one is moving, than we know that is the orbiting particle. Of course both could be moving, in which case a careful measuring of the change in distances would yield the relationship between the particles.
What we know have is a universe of one dimension, distance. Each particle would have a unique distance to each other particle along the one dimensional spectrum. This matrix of distances on a massive scale gives rise to the illusion of three dimensional space.
Now we have an interesting framework to describe how a one dimensional universe can look three dimensional. The only problem is that it isn’t complete. There are times when an array of distances will causes a particle to not match what we would expect to see in a three dimension space.
Assume particle A is 1m away from B, and 1m away from C, but C is 10m away from B. This would prevent a 3d illusion from forming within these particles. What might happen though is that the violating particle would simply vanish from sight. It still exists in the universe, but because it doesn’t follow the rule for an established 3d system it cannot be visible, but it could still interact.
This allows for there to be a vast number of particles all around you, but not visible because the distances between it and other particles don’t conform to the 3D rules. Because they are still particles though, they would exert a force on everything around them, like gravity and so on. This might be an explanation for dark matter. We can’t see it because it doesn’t behave correctly in the 3D rule set, but because it still exerts a force we can see its affects on other matter.
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